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"What have I done! What have I done!" She wrung her hands, and crushed her white hair, and returned to this cry over and over again. "What have I done!"
I knew not how to answer, or how to comfort her. That she had done a grievous thing in taking an impressionable child to mould into the form that her wild resentment, spurned affection, and wounded pride, found vengeance in, I knew full well. But that, in shutting out the light of day, she had shut out infinitely more; that, in seclusion, she had secluded herself from a thousand natural and healing influences; that, her mind, brooding solitary, had grown diseased, as all minds do and must and willthat reverse the appointed order of their Maker; I knew equally well. And could I look upon her without compassion, seeing her punishment in the ruin she was, in her profound unfitness for this earth on which she was placed, in the vanity of sorrow which bad become a master mania, like the vanity of penitence, the vanity of remorse, the vanity of unworthiness, and other monstrous vanities that have been curses in this world?
-Great Expectations, Chapter XLIX
I think this might be the passage that forever cements Miss Havisham's poor soul into the canon of my memory. Abandoned on her wedding day, she never lets go of the anguish of being wronged. She stops the clocks at the exact moment of her devastation and closes all the windows in her now shrouded and shadowed mansion. Being wronged was worse than murder, for she still has to go on living this horrible existence. She still wears her wedding gown as she wafts in and out of the haunted rooms, never surrendering her victimization. When Pip meets her, she is fully lost in her lamentation, but she has brought someone with her. Her adoption of Estella revealed a chance for Miss Havisham to seek vengeance against those that ran away with her life. She weans Estella to adopt a heart of ice; through Miss Havisham's teachins, Estella is fully incapable of love. She destroys men around her, possibly without even realizing it. Her nurture has been the love of a vulture, the care of a siren.
Naturally, Pip falls madly in love with her. Who wouldn't? She sucks him in because he is easy prey, and she feeds off his attention. And the relationship, sadly, seems parasitic; all he receives from her is anguish and devastation. And it is not until Miss Havisham sees this anguish fully wrought in Pip's face that she realizes what a terrible mistake she has made. All her life after her fiance left her, her only imput towards the world was the furthering development of her vengeance against men; through Estella, she could control and break them. Yet, seeing all of this happen to Pip brings back the memories of what happened to her. Vengeance is a deadly retribution because when it's over, there usually isn't much left. She never sought equilibrium; no, those who seek vengeance want to tilt the pendulum back their way.
And what's most astonishing about the passage is Pip's awareness of Miss Havisham's poor life. How terrible for her to have to undergo such humiliation, only to dedicate the ruins of her remaining life to something that had to extend to his character. I think he's witnessing the tragic futility of revenge on the innocent and the guilty. At first, he wants to tell Miss Havisham that, indeed, her influence on Estella has ruined her and broken Pip's heart. But his anger only hurts Miss Havisham more, and he realizes this. He watches her and sees how hollow her vengeance has made her, twisting her into a Gothic monster with a broken heart. She reminds me of Belle's beast, whose suffering comes not from being a monster, but from having a conscience hidden beneath his deformation.
I think of the horrifying image of Miss Havisham sitting in the shadows in her wrinkled wedding dress, now yellow from the passing of time. Sitting in the dark, she strokes the hair of Estella, her weapon of mass destruction against the villains that wronged her. I think of that, and then I think of the woman who wanders the halls of her mansion at night with a single lit candle, running from the past that refuses to leave her. What a poor, poor, soul.